Question

Who propounded the legal theory called “Utilitarian Individualism”?

• A. Austin
• B. Salmond
• C. Taylor
• D. Bentham

Hint:

Utilitarian Individualism emphasizes the balance between individual liberty and the overall societal benefit.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

The legal theory of Utilitarian Individualism was propounded by Jeremy Bentham. Bentham is known for his contribution to the theory of utilitarianism, which emphasizes the greatest good for the greatest number and focuses on individual rights and freedoms.

Answer 2

The legal theory known as “Utilitarian Individualism” was propounded by Jeremy Bentham, a renowned English philosopher and jurist. He is widely regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.

Utilitarian Individualism:
This theory combines the principles of utilitarianism with the concept of individual rights. According to Bentham, the foundation of law and morality should be based on the idea of promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number. However, he also emphasized the role of the individual as the basic unit of society, whose welfare must be accounted for in calculating overall happiness.

Bentham rejected the notion of natural rights and instead advocated for rights that are created and protected by the legal system. He argued that laws should be judged by their utility — that is, by their tendency to promote happiness or prevent suffering.

Key Features:
1. Individual as a rational being: Bentham viewed individuals as rational agents who seek to maximize their own pleasure and minimize pain.
2. Legal positivism: He emphasized that laws are man-made and must be evaluated based on their usefulness, not divine or natural origins.
3. Maximization of utility: The central purpose of the law is to serve the utility or happiness of the people.

Bentham’s utilitarian approach greatly influenced modern legal and political thought, especially in shaping reforms in criminal justice, education, and governance.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Bentham.