Question

A captain’s throwing cargo overboard to stop his ship going down: he might well claim, in mitigation, that he had no choice. The excusing condition argued reflecting the source of action as

• A. External force
• B. Internal choice
• C. Mixed action
• D. Involuntary mixed action

Hint:

Necessity-based acts are attributed to external compulsion, not free internal choice.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Nature of the act.
The captain’s act of throwing cargo overboard is compelled by circumstances of necessity to save the ship and lives.
Step 2: Source of action.
Although the act is consciously performed, the compelling reason arises from external circumstances, not free internal choice.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Hence, the excusing condition reflects action caused by external force. Therefore, option (A) is correct.