The book Hind Swaraj was written by Mahatma Gandhi in 190
9. In this work, Gandhi outlines his vision of self-rule (or Swaraj) for India, emphasizing a return to traditional values, simplicity, and self-reliance. He criticizes Western civilization for its materialism, industrialization, and exploitation of nature. The book is a critical piece in understanding Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence (ahimsa), self-reliance, and his approach to India’s struggle for independence.
Gandhi's concept of Swaraj in the book was not just political independence but also spiritual and cultural revival.