Max Weber introduced the concept of the "Protestant Ethic," which is a theory that links the rise of capitalism in Western Europe to the values of Protestantism, particularly the emphasis on hard work, thriftiness, and individual responsibility. Weber argued that these values contributed to the development of a capitalist economy.
Émile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Herbert Spencer made significant contributions to sociology, but they did not introduce the concept of the Protestant Ethic.