The Ariyalur train accident occurred in 1956 and was a significant railway disaster in India. Following this tragic event, the responsibility and accountability for railway safety were called into question. As a direct consequence, the Railway Minister at that time, Lal Bahadur Shastri, chose to resign from his position to take moral responsibility for the accident. This action set a precedent for accountability in public office. Therefore, the Railway Minister who resigned immediately after the 1956 Ariyalur train accident was Lal Bahadur Shastri.