Photochemical smog is primarily a mixture of nitrogen oxides (NO$_x$), ozone (O$_3$), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other pollutants. It is formed by the action of sunlight on these pollutants. While SO$_2$ can contribute to other types of smog (like industrial smog), it is not a primary component of photochemical smog. The other options are true: catalytic converters help reduce NO$_x$ emissions, photochemical smog can corrode metals, and it can damage plant life.