- Open system: Allows mass and energy transfer.
- Closed system: Only energy is transferre(D)
- Isolated system: Neither mass nor energy is transferre(D)
Step 1: Understanding open thermodynamic systems.
- An open system allows mass and energy transfer across its boundary.
- Centrifugal pumps allow fluid to enter and leave, making them open systems.
Step 2: Selecting the correct option.
Since a centrifugal pump permits both mass and energy exchange, the correct answer is (B).
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is: