Which of these is an excitatory neurotransmitter in brain?
- GABA
- Glycine
- Glutamate
- Aspartate
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
Neurotransmitters are chemicals released from a presynaptic neuron that interact with specific receptor sites of a postsynaptic neuron. There are two broad categories of neurotransmitters, neuroexcitatory and neuroinhibitory. Acetylcholine, glutamate, epinephrine, norepinephrine etc, are neurostimulatory while glycine, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) etc, are neuroinhibitory.
So, the correct answer is (C): Glutamate
Approach Solution -2
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter. It is the most abundant neurotransmitter and has various functions like learning, memory and neural communication. It promotes the excitation and activation of the neuron. Upon binding of glutamate, there is an influx of positively charged ions, mainly the sodium ions. The influx of ions will depolarize the postsynaptic neuron’s membrane potential that will further develop the action potential.
So, the correct answer is (C): Glutamate
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Concepts Used:
Neural Control and Coordination
Neural System:
Neurons are the most specialised cells in the nervous system of all animals, and they are responsible for detecting, accepting, and conveying numerous types of motives. The neurological system of low-spinal animals like Hydra is incredibly simple, consisting of a network of neurons. When the brain of an insect comprises a vast number of ganglia and neural tissues, it is optimally structured.
Coordination System:
Coordination is the process by which two or more organs work together to accomplish each other's duties. Increased muscle activity increases the supply of oxygen and the demand for energy while we exercise. When we cease exercising, our nerves, heart, lungs, and kidneys all return to normal. As a result, all of the organs' functions are properly integrated in order to conduct the exercise and supply the appropriate conditions while exercising. Similarly, in the human body, the neurological and endocrine systems work together to coordinate all of the organ activities.