Question

Which of the following statements about dielectrics is correct?

• A. \( \) A polar dielectric has a net dipole moment in absence of an external electric field, which gets modified due to the induced dipoles.
• B. \( \) The net dipole moments of induced dipoles are along the direction of the applied electric field.
• C. \( \) Dielectrics contain free charges.
• D. \( \) The electric field produced due to induced surface charges inside a dielectric is along the external electric field.

Hint:

In dielectrics, the induced dipoles align with the applied electric field, creating an opposing electric field that reduces the field inside the material.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: In a dielectric material, when an external electric field is applied, it induces a separation of charges within the molecules, causing the dipoles to align with the electric field. This results in the net dipole moment of induced dipoles being along the direction of the applied electric field. Step 2: The other options are incorrect:
- Option (A) is incorrect because, in the absence of an external electric field, a polar dielectric already has a net dipole moment.
- Option (C) is incorrect because dielectrics do not contain free charges; they are insulators with bound charges that respond to an external electric field.
- Option (D) is incorrect because the electric field due to the induced surface charges opposes the applied electric field inside the dielectric.