Which of the following statement is true with respect to H$_2$O, NH$_3$ and CH$_4$? (A) The central atoms of all the molecules are sp$^3$ hybridized. (B) The H–O–H, H–N–H and H–C–H angles in the above molecules are 104.5°, 107.5° and 109.5° respectively. (C) The increasing order of dipole moment is CH$_4$

Question

Which of the following statement is true with respect to H$_2$O, NH$_3$ and CH$_4$?   (A) The central atoms of all the molecules are sp$^3$ hybridized.  (B) The H–O–H, H–N–H and H–C–H angles in the above molecules are 104.5°, 107.5° and 109.5° respectively.  (C) The increasing order of dipole moment is CH$_4$<NH$_3$<H$_2$O.  (D) Both H$_2$O and NH$_3$ are Lewis acids and CH$_4$ is a Lewis base.  (E) A solution of NH$_3$ in H$_2$O is basic. In this solution NH$_3$ and H$_2$O act as Lowry-Bronsted acid and base respectively.

cdquestions Admin · Accepted Answer

Let's analyze the given options: - $ \text{Option A:} $ The central atoms in all three molecules (H$_2$O, NH$_3$, CH$_4$) are sp$^3$ hybridized. This is true because the oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon atoms form single bonds with surrounding atoms, which requires sp$^3$ hybridization in each case. - $ \text{Option B:} $ The bond angles in H$_2$O, NH$_3$, and CH$_4$ are 104.5°, 107.5°, and 109.5°, respectively. This is correct. H$_2$O has an angle of 104.5° due to lone pair repulsion, NH$_3$ has 107.5°, and CH$_4$ has 109.5° because it is tetrahedral with no lone pairs. - $ \text{Option C:} $ The increasing order of dipole moment is CH$_4$ < NH$_3$ < H$_2$O. This is true because CH$_4$ has no dipole moment due to its symmetry, NH$_3$ has a dipole moment due to the lone pair on nitrogen, and H$_2$O has the highest dipole moment due to its bent shape and high electronegativity of oxygen. - $ \text{Option D:} $ Both H$_2$O and NH$_3$ are Lewis acids and CH$_4$ is a Lewis base. This statement is incorrect. H$_2$O and NH$_3$ act as Lewis bases (donors), not acids. CH$_4$ is a Lewis base, as it has a pair of electrons on the carbon atom that can donate. - $ \text{Option E:} $ A solution of NH$_3$ in H$_2$O is basic, and in this solution, NH$_3$ acts as a base and H$_2$O acts as an acid. This is true, as NH$_3$ accepts a proton from water to form NH$_4^+$ and OH$^-$, making the solution basic. Thus, the correct answer is: (1) A, B and C only.

Answer

A, B, and C only

Answer

C, D, and E only

Answer

A, D, and E only

Answer

A, B, C, and E only

Show Hint

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

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