Cellular respiration encompasses the metabolic pathways that cells use to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The main stages include:
Glycolysis: The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Processes pyruvate into carbon dioxide, generating ATP, NADH, and FADH\(_2\).
Electron Transport Chain: Utilizes electrons from NADH and FADH\(_2\) to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
The Calvin Cycle, however, is part of photosynthesis in plants, where it fixes carbon dioxide into glucose. It is not involved in cellular respiration.
Conclusion: The Calvin Cycle is not a component of cellular respiration.
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