Question

Which of the following models assumes constant rates of evolution with two substitution types?

• A. Jukes Cantor model
• B. Kimura Model
• C. BLOSUM model
• D. PAM model

Hint:

The Jukes-Cantor model assumes equal rates for all substitutions (transitions and transversions) in nucleotide evolution.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding Evolution Models 
The Jukes-Cantor model is one of the simplest models for nucleotide evolution, assuming equal rates of evolution for all substitution types (i.e., transitions and transversions occur at the same rate). 
Step 2: Evaluating the Options 
- Jukes Cantor model: Correct, assumes constant rates of evolution with two substitution types. 
- Kimura Model: Assumes different rates for transitions and transversions, not constant rates. 
- BLOSUM model: Used for amino acid sequence alignments, not nucleotide evolution. 
- PAM model: Based on a different evolutionary assumption, not constant rates for substitution types. 
Step 3: Conclusion 
The Jukes-Cantor model assumes constant rates of evolution with two substitution types.