Which of the following is insoluble in water?
Show Hint
- \( {CH}_3({CH}_2)_{10}{CH}_2{OSO}_3{Na} \)
- \( [{CH}_3({CH}_2)_{15} - {N}({CH}_3)_3]{Br} \)
- \( {C}_{17}{H}_{35}{COONa} \)
- \( ({C}_{17}{H}_{35}{COO})_2{Ca} \)
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
\( {CH}_3({CH}_2)_{10}{CH}_2{OSO}_3{Na} \) is a sodium salt of a sulfonated fatty alcohol, which is typically water-soluble due to the ionic nature of the sulfate group and the sodium ion.
\( [{CH}_3({CH}_2)_{15} - {N}({CH}_3)_3]{Br} \) represents a quaternary ammonium salt, which is generally soluble in water due to the ionic nature and the hydrophilic quaternary nitrogen.
\( {C}_{17}{H}_{35}{COONa} \) is the sodium salt of a fatty acid, and like most soap molecules, it is soluble in water due to the carboxylate group's ionic nature.
\( ({C}_{17}{H}_{35}{COO})_2{Ca} \), being a calcium salt of a fatty acid, tends to be less soluble in water compared to sodium salts due to the calcium ion's ability to form more stable, insoluble compounds with fatty acids.
Step 2: Conclude which compound is least likely to be soluble in water.The calcium salt of a fatty acid, \( ({C}_{17}{H}_{35}{COO})_2{Ca} \), is typically insoluble in water due to its divalent calcium ion, which enhances the lattice energy of the salt, making it less soluble compared to its monovalent counterparts.
Approach Solution -2
To solve the problem, we need to determine which of the given compounds is insoluble in water.
1. Analyzing the Compounds:
Option A: \( CH_3(CH_2)_{10}CH_2OSO_3Na \): This compound is a long-chain alkyl sulfate, which is generally soluble in water due to the presence of the sulfate group (\( SO_3Na \)) that can interact with water molecules. The hydrophilic sulfate group aids in solubility.
Option B: \( [CH_3(CH_2)_{15}-N(CH_3)_3]^+ Br^- \): This compound is a quaternary ammonium salt, which typically exhibits good solubility in water because of the ionic nature of the quaternary ammonium group (\( N(CH_3)_3 \)) and the bromide ion (\( Br^- \)).
Option 3: \( C_{17}H_{35}COONa \): This compound is sodium stearate, a long-chain fatty acid salt. While it is soluble in water, it may not dissolve as readily due to its long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail. Still, it can dissolve in water under the right conditions.
Option 4: \( (C_{17}H_{35}COO)_2Ca \): This is calcium stearate, a long-chain fatty acid calcium salt. Calcium stearate is typically insoluble in water because of the larger hydrophobic tail and the nature of the calcium ion, which does not facilitate solubility.
2. Conclusion:
Based on the analysis of the compounds, the correct answer is that calcium stearate is insoluble in water.
Final Answer:
The correct option is (D) \( (C_{17}H_{35}COO)_2Ca \).
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