Question

Which of the following is/are source(s) of variability that contribute(s) to errors in measurement of estimating reliability?

• A. Reactivity carryover true change over time
• B. Making incorrect predictions or decisions about individuals
• C. Inconsistency of test content non parallel halves
• D. Consistency of test content

Hint:

Reliability is concerned with the consistency and stability of test results. Variability in the content of the test, carryover effects, and true changes over time are sources of error that can undermine reliability.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, C

- (A) Reactivity carryover true change over time is a source of variability that can contribute to errors in estimating reliability. When an individual’s behavior is affected by previous test responses (carryover effect), or when true changes over time influence measurement, this introduces variability that reduces the reliability of the results.
- (B) Making incorrect predictions or decisions about individuals is not directly related to errors in estimating reliability. This refers more to biases in decision-making, but it does not affect the consistency or reproducibility of a measurement.
- (C) Inconsistency of test content non parallel halves is another source of variability. If test content is inconsistent or if non-parallel halves are used in split-half reliability testing, it can introduce errors and reduce the reliability of the test.
- (D) Consistency of test content is actually an element that enhances reliability. Consistent test content helps ensure that measurements are stable and consistent across different administrations. Thus, the correct answer is: \[ \boxed{A), C)} \]