- Raschig rings provide a more uniform packing and better flow distribution compared to crushed stones.
- They reduce the pressure drop and increase the surface area for mass transfer.
Conclusion: The correct answer is option (C).
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is:
A digital filter with impulse response $ h[n] = 2^n u[n] $ will have a transfer function with a region of convergence.