Question

Which of the following are associated with Gandhian concepts of holistic development of the nation?
(A) Antodaya
(B) Sarvodaya
(C) Panchayti Raj
(D) Reverse migration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A) and (B) only
• B. (A), (B) and (C) only
• C. (B) and (C)
• D. (A), (B), (C) and (D)

Hint:

The core of Gandhian development philosophy is 'Gram Swaraj' (village self-rule) and 'Sarvodaya' (welfare of all), with a focus on 'Antyodaya' (uplifting the last person). Remember these three key terms.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify concepts that align with Mahatma Gandhi's vision for the development of India, which was based on decentralization, self-sufficiency, and upliftment of the most marginalized.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{(B) Sarvodaya: This term, meaning 'welfare of all' or 'progress of all', was coined by Gandhi. It represents his central political and social philosophy of working for the upliftment of every member of society.} \\ \bullet & \text{(A) Antyodaya: This is a manifestation of Sarvodaya. It means the 'upliftment of the last person' or the most disadvantaged. Gandhi stressed that any development measure should be judged by its impact on the poorest person.} \\ \bullet & \text{(C) Panchayati Raj: This concept of decentralized governance through village councils (Gram Swaraj or village self-rule) was central to Gandhi's vision of a polity where power resides with the people in villages.} \\ \bullet & \text{(D) Reverse migration: While Gandhi advocated for the strengthening of villages to prevent distress migration to cities, "reverse migration" as a specific policy term is a more modern concept and not a core Gandhian principle in the same way as the others. His focus was on making villages self-sufficient so that migration wouldn't be necessary.} \\ \end{array}\] Therefore, Sarvodaya, Antyodaya, and Panchayati Raj are the concepts most directly and strongly associated with Gandhian thought on national development.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The concepts associated with Gandhian holistic development are (A) Antyodaya, (B) Sarvodaya, and (C) Panchayati Raj.