Question

Which is the inner transition element of the following?

• A. Eu
• B. Zn
• C. Hg
• D. Sc

Hint:

Remember that inner transition metals are found in the f-block and include the lanthanides and actinides.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The element Eu refers to Europium, which is an inner transition element.

Inner transition elements: These elements are part of the f-block of the periodic table, which consists of two rows of elements known as the lanthanides and actinides. The lanthanides and actinides are collectively referred to as the inner transition metals because their electron configuration involves the filling of f-orbitals.

Europium (Eu): Europium is a member of the lanthanide series, which is the first row of inner transition elements. The lanthanides are characterized by the filling of the 4f subshell with electrons. Europium has the atomic number 63 and the electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁷ 6s². Europium is known for its unique properties, such as being one of the few elements that can be trivalent (Eu³⁺) and divalent (Eu²⁺).

Properties of Europium:

• Color: Europium compounds are often brightly colored and are widely used in phosphorescent and fluorescent applications, such as in red phosphors for color television tubes and computer screens.
• Magnetic properties: Europium is known for its strong magnetic properties, particularly in the Eu²⁺ state.
• Occurrence: Europium is relatively rare in nature but is extracted from minerals like monazite and bastnäsite, which contain other lanthanides as well.

Lanthanide Series (Inner Transition Elements): The lanthanide series consists of 15 elements, from Lanthanum (La, atomic number 57) to Lutetium (Lu, atomic number 71). These elements have similar chemical properties due to the filling of their 4f orbitals. Europium (Eu) is one of these elements, and its unique electronic configuration allows it to have special applications in lighting and as a reagent in chemical analysis.

Conclusion: Europium (Eu) is an inner transition element because it belongs to the lanthanide series, where elements fill the 4f orbitals. It is used extensively in various high-tech and luminescent applications due to its electronic properties.