Question

Which element shows the lower oxidation state in the 3d series?

• A. Scandium (Sc)
• B. Titanium (Ti)
• C. Zinc (Zn)
• D. None of the above

Hint:

Zinc exhibits a \( +2 \) oxidation state due to its filled \( d^{10} \)-orbitals, making it unique in the 3d series.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Zinc (\( \text{Zn} \)) in the 3d series of transition elements exhibits a lower oxidation state. Unlike other transition elements, which commonly show variable oxidation states due to their partially filled \( d \)-orbitals, zinc has a completely filled \( d^{10} \)-orbital configuration.
Electronic Configuration of Zn: \[ \text{Zn: } [\text{Ar}] 3d^{10} 4s^2 \] Since the \( 3d \)-orbitals are fully filled, zinc typically shows an oxidation state of \( +2 \) due to the loss of its two \( 4s \)-electrons, which is lower compared to other elements in the 3d series. Conclusion: Zinc shows the lowest oxidation state compared to other elements in the 3d series.