The Human Genome Project has been fundamental in advancing our understanding of human genetics, providing a framework for medical research, genetic therapy, and personalized medicine.
The Human Genome Project was formally launched in 1990. This groundbreaking project was an international endeavor to map and understand all the genes of the human species. The goal was to identify and sequence the 3 billion nucleotides present in the human genome. This collaborative scientific effort involved researchers from across the globe and set the foundation for significant advancements in genetics and medicine. Therefore, the correct answer is 1990.