Question

Select the observations drawn from the human genome project which are correct.
(A) The human genome contains 3164.7 million bp.
(B) The average gene consists of 3000 bases.
(C) Total number of genes is estimated at 30,000.
(D) The functions are unknown for over 50% of discovered genes.
(E) Less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins.

• A. (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
• B. (A), (C), (D) and (E) only
• C. (A), (C) and (E) only
• D. (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

The human genome project has unveiled several significant findings about our genetic makeup. Let's analyze each provided observation to determine their validity: 

1. The human genome contains 3164.7 million base pairs. This is a factual statement supported by the project's findings, confirming the vast size of our genome.
2. The average gene consists of 3000 bases. This is an approximate value given by the Human Genome Project, highlighting the complexity and length of genetic sequences.
3. The total number of genes is estimated at 30,000. This was a prominent estimation at the time of the project's completion, reflecting the extensive functionality encoded in our DNA.
4. The functions are unknown for over 50% of discovered genes. Given the continuous research progress and discovery of gene functions, this statement remains relevant as we still do not fully understand the role of many genes.
5. Less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins. This highlights the large non-coding regions within the genome, which play various regulatory and structural roles despite not directly coding for proteins.

Therefore, each statement (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E) accurately reflects findings from the Human Genome Project. Hence, the correct option is presented through the compilation of all observations (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E).

Answer 2

Human Genome Project: Key Findings 

The Human Genome Project was a landmark international scientific research project with the primary goal of determining the complete sequence of human DNA and identifying all of the human genes. Here are some of the key findings:

Genome Size:

• The human genome contains approximately 3164.7 million base pairs (3.1647 billion base pairs).

Coding vs. Non-coding Regions:

• A surprisingly small fraction of the genome actually codes for proteins. Specifically, less than 2% of the human genome codes for proteins.
• The remaining portion of the genome consists of:
  • Non-coding RNA genes
  • Regulatory sequences (e.g., promoters, enhancers)
  • Introns
  • Repetitive sequences (e.g., transposons, microsatellites)
  • Other sequences with as-yet-unknown functions

Implications:

These findings have significant implications for our understanding of human biology, disease, and evolution. The large proportion of non-coding DNA suggests that these regions may play a more important role in gene regulation and other cellular processes than previously appreciated.