Question

Select the observations drawn from the human genome project which are correct.
(A) The human genome contains 3164.7 million bp.
(B) The average gene consists of 3000 bases.
(C) Total number of genes is estimated at 30,000.
(D) The functions are unknown for over 50% of discovered genes.
(E) Less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins.

• A. (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
• B. (A), (C), (D) and (E) only
• C. (A), (C) and (E) only
• D. (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Human Genome Project: Key Findings 

The Human Genome Project was a landmark international scientific research project with the primary goal of determining the complete sequence of human DNA and identifying all of the human genes. Here are some of the key findings:

Genome Size:

• The human genome contains approximately 3164.7 million base pairs (3.1647 billion base pairs).

Coding vs. Non-coding Regions:

• A surprisingly small fraction of the genome actually codes for proteins. Specifically, less than 2% of the human genome codes for proteins.
• The remaining portion of the genome consists of:
  • Non-coding RNA genes
  • Regulatory sequences (e.g., promoters, enhancers)
  • Introns
  • Repetitive sequences (e.g., transposons, microsatellites)
  • Other sequences with as-yet-unknown functions

Implications:

These findings have significant implications for our understanding of human biology, disease, and evolution. The large proportion of non-coding DNA suggests that these regions may play a more important role in gene regulation and other cellular processes than previously appreciated.