When a particle executes Simple Harmonic Motion, the nature of graph of velocity as a function of displacement will be :
- Circular
- Elliptical
- Sinusoidal
- Straight line
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Let, \(x = A\ sin ωt\)
\(v = Aωt\ cos ωt\)
\(v=±ω\sqrt {A^2−x^2}\)
\(\frac {v^2}{ω^2}+x^2=A^2\)
\(⇒\) Nature of graph will be Ellipse.
So, the correct option is (B): Elliptical.
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Concepts Used:
Simple Harmonic Motion
Simple Harmonic Motion is one of the most simple forms of oscillatory motion that occurs frequently in nature. The quantity of force acting on a particle in SHM is exactly proportional to the displacement of the particle from the equilibrium location. It is given by F = -kx, where k is the force constant and the negative sign indicates that force resists growth in x.
This force is known as the restoring force, and it pulls the particle back to its equilibrium position as opposing displacement increases. N/m is the SI unit of Force.
Types of Simple Harmonic Motion
Linear Simple Harmonic Motion:
When a particle moves to and fro about a fixed point (called equilibrium position) along with a straight line then its motion is called linear Simple Harmonic Motion. For Example spring-mass system
Conditions:
The restoring force or acceleration acting on the particle should always be proportional to the displacement of the particle and directed towards the equilibrium position.
- – displacement of particle from equilibrium position.
- – Restoring force
- - acceleration
Angular Simple Harmonic Motion:
When a system oscillates angular long with respect to a fixed axis then its motion is called angular simple harmonic motion.
Conditions:
The restoring torque (or) Angular acceleration acting on the particle should always be proportional to the angular displacement of the particle and directed towards the equilibrium position.
Τ ∝ θ or α ∝ θ
Where,
- Τ – Torque
- α angular acceleration
- θ – angular displacement