The Earth's atmosphere is composed of a mixture of gases. The major components by volume in dry air are:
- Nitrogen (N2) – approximately 78%
- Oxygen (O2) – approximately 21%
- Argon (Ar) – approximately 0.93%
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) – around 0.04%
Nitrogen makes up the largest portion of air. It is inert and does not usually participate in combustion or respiration directly, making it a stable and dominant atmospheric component.
Hence, the correct answer is 78%.