Question

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Hint:

Remember: mRNA = message carrier, tRNA = amino acid transporter, rRNA = ribosome builder. All three work together for protein synthesis.

Answer 1

RNA plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis (translation). Different types of RNA participate in various steps of protein formation from DNA-encoded genetic information. \begin{enumerate} \item mRNA (Messenger RNA): It carries the genetic code transcribed from DNA to the ribosomes. The sequence of codons on mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein. \item tRNA (Transfer RNA): It transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with the codon on mRNA, ensuring the correct sequence of amino acids is added. \item rRNA (Ribosomal RNA): It forms the structural and functional core of ribosomes. rRNA helps in binding mRNA and tRNA together and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. \end{enumerate} Summary: mRNA provides the code, tRNA brings the amino acids, and rRNA ensures the assembly—together making the central dogma of biology (\(DNA \to RNA \to Protein\)) possible.