What is the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion? Explain each of them with the help of an appropriate example. Why is in both incidents the nuclear energy released?
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Definition of Nuclear Fission and Fusion Nuclear Fission: The splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei with the release of energy. \[ ^{235}U + n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba + ^{92}Kr + 3n + \text{energy} \]
Nuclear Fusion: The combining of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy. \[ ^{2}H + ^{3}H \rightarrow ^{4}He + n + \text{energy} \]
Step 2: Why Energy is Released? Energy is released in both processes due to the mass defect, which is converted into energy according to Einstein's equation: \[ E = mc^2 \]
Step 3: Key Differences
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\[ \text{1} \, ^1\text{H}_2 + \, ^1\text{H}_3 ⇒ \, ^2\text{He}_4 + \, ^1\text{n}^1 + Q \] Given:
Mass of \( ^1\text{H}_2 = 2.0141 \, \text{amu} \)
Mass of \( ^1\text{H}_3 = 3.0160 \, \text{amu} \)
Mass of \( ^2\text{He}_4 = 4.0026 \, \text{amu} \)
Mass of \( ^1\text{n}^1 = 1.0087 \, \text{amu} \)
1 amu = 931 MeV
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Instruction: Write the answers of the following questions in your answer-book. Do not use the map.
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Where was the later capital of Harshavardhan?} \\ \bullet & \text{Where is Taj Mahal located?} \\ \bullet & \text{At which place did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw the non-cooperation movement due to violence?} \\ \bullet & \text{Where was the Congress Session held in 1929?} \\ \bullet & \text{Where did Lord Buddha attain enlightenment?} \\ \end{array}\]- UP Board XII - 2025
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\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{The place where Harshavardhan's later capital was located.} \\ \bullet & \text{The place where Taj Mahal is situated.} \\ \bullet & \text{The place where Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation movement after violence broke out.} \\ \bullet & \text{The place where the annual session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1929.} \\ \bullet & \text{The place where Buddha attained enlightenment.} \\ \end{array}\]- UP Board XII - 2025
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