Question

What is the difference between dam and embankment?

Hint:

Think: \textbf{Dam = Across & Store}, \textbf{Embankment = Along & Protect}.

Answer 1

Step 1: Define a dam.
A dam is a strong barrier built across a river/valley to impound water and create a reservoir for storage, hydro-power, irrigation, flood control and drinking water. It usually has spillways, gates and power intakes.
Step 2: Define an embankment.
An embankment (levee/bund) is a raised earthen or masonry wall built along the sides of a river/canal or around low-lying land to prevent floodwater from spilling onto adjacent areas. It normally does not store water.
Step 3: Point-wise differences.
1. Location: Dam — across the river; Embankment — parallel to the river.
2. Purpose: Dam — stores/regulates water; Embankment — protects/contains floodwater.
3. Structures: Dam — spillways, gates, turbines; Embankment — slopes, revetment, occasional sluices.
4. Scale & impact: Dam — large reservoir, multipurpose benefits and submergence; Embankment — linear protection with limited ecological impact but risk of breach and waterlogging.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, a dam impounds and uses water; an embankment confines and defends against floods.