Question:

What is DNA fingerprinting? Where is it mainly useful?

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DNA fingerprinting provides a unique and highly accurate method for identifying individuals and determining biological relationships.
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Solution and Explanation

DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. It involves analyzing the patterns in an individual's DNA, specifically focusing on regions that are highly variable between individuals. This pattern is akin to a fingerprint, which is why it is called DNA fingerprinting.
It is done by extracting DNA, amplifying specific regions (using techniques like PCR), and comparing the banding patterns produced through gel electrophoresis or other methods.
Main Uses of DNA Fingerprinting:
  1. Forensic Science: DNA fingerprinting is commonly used in criminal investigations to match a suspect’s DNA with evidence found at crime scenes.
  2. Paternity Testing: It is used to confirm biological relationships, especially in paternity testing.
  3. Genetic Research: DNA fingerprinting is used in research to study genetic variations within populations.
  4. Identification of Species: In conservation biology, it helps in identifying animal species and in breeding programs.
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