The geological periods are arranged in the following chronological order, from the latest to the oldest:
- Tertiary (C) is the latest period among the options listed.
- Jurassic (D) follows the Tertiary, and it is after the Triassic.
- Triassic (A) comes after the Jurassic.
- Carboniferous (B) is the oldest period among the choices.
\boxed{\text{Correct Order: (D), (B), (C), (A)}}