Question

What are warp & weft threads? Briefly explain different operations of a loom.

Hint:

Warp threads run lengthwise; weft threads run crosswise in woven fabric.

Answer 1

Warp and weft are the two sets of threads used in weaving fabric:

Warp Threads: These are the longitudinal (lengthwise) threads that are held taut on the loom. They form the framework of the fabric.
Weft Threads: These are the transverse (crosswise) threads woven over and under the warp threads to create the fabric.

The main operations of a loom include:

Shedding: Raising and lowering alternate warp threads to create a space (shed) for the weft thread to pass through.
Picking: Passing the weft thread through the shed using a shuttle.
Beating-up: Pushing the newly inserted weft thread tightly against the fabric using a reed to ensure compactness.
Taking-up: Winding the woven fabric onto a cloth beam as weaving progresses.
Letting-off: Releasing warp threads from the warp beam to maintain tension during weaving.

These operations work together to interlace warp and weft threads, producing woven fabric.