What are the conditions to form an ionic bond?
Solution and Explanation
An ionic bond arises exclusively in situations where one of the participating atoms is a metal, while the other is a non-metal. For this bond to manifest, the metal atom must possess a low ionization energy, enabling the effortless emission of electrons, ultimately leading to the creation of a cation. Conversely, the non-metal counterpart necessitates a notably elevated electron affinity, which serves to draw in the electron, facilitating the formation of an anion.
Conditions are:
1) An ionic bond is formed only when one of the atoms is metal and the other is non-metal.
2) The metal atom must have low ionization energy so that it can release electrons easily and form a cation.
3) The non-metal should have a high value of electron affinity to attract the electron to form an anion.
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle