Question:

We see a bronze statue of Poseidon in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Which of the following would be [a] cause[s] of the statue for Aristotle if we read his Physics?

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Aristotle's 4 causes = Material (what it's made of), Efficient (who made it), Formal (design/essence), Final (purpose).
Updated On: Aug 29, 2025
  • Bronze
  • The sculptor who produced it
  • The plan to have a bronze statue of Poseidon installed in a temple
  • The space in the temple in which the statue is installed
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The Correct Option is A, B, C

Solution and Explanation


Aristotle distinguishes four causes:
1. Material cause: what it is made of (here, bronze). → (A)
2. Efficient cause: the agent that brings it into being (the sculptor). → (B)
3. Formal cause: the form or design, the concept (the plan to have Poseidon's statue). → (C)
4. Final cause: the purpose for which it is made (worship or aesthetic purpose).
Option (D), the space in the temple, is not a cause in Aristotle's scheme. Hence, the correct causes are (A), (B), (C).
\[ \boxed{\text{Therefore, A, B, and C are Aristotle's causes.}} \]
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