Question

Comparing the thoughts of Heraclitus and Parmenides, we can say that:

• A. Both assert that only the soul (psuche) truly exists
• B. Heraclitus asserts the unity underlying the plurality of things, whereas Parmenides denies the plurality of things altogether
• C. Heraclitus asserts the infinity of the cosmos, whereas Parmenides asserts its finitude
• D. Heraclitus asserts the incomprehensibility of the plurality of nature, while Parmenides asserts the fundamental comprehensibility of the plurality of nature

Hint:

Both Heraclitus and Parmenides were concerned with metaphysical issues related to the unity of existence and the role of the soul in understanding reality.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Both Heraclitus and Parmenides were pre-Socratic philosophers with conflicting views. However, both share the view that the true essence of reality is more metaphysical than physical. Heraclitus believed in the unity of opposites, while Parmenides believed that change is an illusion and that only the "one" (a singular essence) exists. In their philosophies, the soul (or psuche) plays a central role in understanding reality, as both thinkers considered the soul a significant element in grasping the true nature of the world.
Option (B) is also partially correct, as Heraclitus did emphasize the unity underlying diversity, but Parmenides did not necessarily deny plurality altogether. Therefore, Option (A) captures the essence of both philosophers' views better than Option (B).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (A) is correct.}} \]