1. Formula: \[ =VLOOKUP(B1, B4 : D6, 2, 0) \]
Reason: The reference range used in this formula (B4:D6) does not include the entire data set. The range should start from the top row of the table (e.g., B1:D7) for proper referencing.
2. Formula: \[ =SQRT(VLOOKUP(C2, C2 : D8, 2, 0) - 100) \]
Reason: The VLOOKUP function is trying to search for the value in C2 within the range C2:D8, which results in an invalid range. The lookup value should exist within a different range.
3. Formula: \[ =VLOOKUP(B5, B6 : D8, 1, 0) \]
Reason: The 1st column index (A) does not exist in the lookup range (B6:D8). The first column should be in the lookup range for the formula to work properly.
4. Formula: \[ =VLOOKUP(B3, B2 : D5, 5, 0) \]
Reason: The column index (5) exceeds the available columns in the specified range (B2:D5). The column index should be less than or equal to the number of columns in the range.
5. Formula: \[ =VLOOKUP(B5, B3 : D8, 0) \]
Reason: The column index (0) is invalid. The column index must be a positive integer that corresponds to a column number within the given range.
6. Formula: \[ =VLOOKUP(B2, B2 : D7, 2, 0) \]
Reason: This error occurs if the lookup value (B2) does not exist in the first column of the specified range. Ensure the lookup value is available in the range for a correct lookup.
According to the generally accepted definition of the ideal solution there are equal interaction forces acting between molecules belonging to the same or different species. (This is equivalent to the statement that the activity of the components equals the concentration.) Strictly speaking, this concept is valid in ecological systems (isotopic mixtures of an element, hydrocarbons mixtures, etc.). It is still usual to talk about ideal solutions as limiting cases in reality since very dilute solutions behave ideally with respect to the solvent. This law is further supported by the fact that Raoult’s law empirically found for describing the behaviour of the solvent in dilute solutions can be deduced thermodynamically via the assumption of ideal behaviour of the solvent.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Give one example of miscible liquid pair which shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law. What is the reason for such deviation?
(b) (i) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components.
OR
(ii) Raoult’s law is a special case of Henry’s law. Comment.
(c) Write two characteristics of an ideal solution.