Question:
To what extent do the electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements? Illustrate your answer with examples.
To what extent do the electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements? Illustrate your answer with examples.
Updated On: Sep 29, 2023
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
Solution and Explanation
The elements in the first-half of the transition series exhibit many oxidation states with Mn exhibiting maximum number of oxidation states (+2 to +7). The stability of +2 oxidation state increases with the increase in atomic number. This happens as more electrons are getting filled in the d-orbital. However, Sc does not show +2 oxidation state. Its electronic configuration is 4s2 3d1 . It loses all the three electrons to form Sc3+ .+3 oxidation state of Sc is very stable as by losing all three electrons, it attains stable noble gas configuration, [Ar]. Ti(+4) and V(+5) are very stable for the same reason. For Mn, +2 oxidation state is very stable as after losing two electrons, its d-orbital is exactly half-filled, [Ar] 3d5 .
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Top Questions on d -and f -Block Elements
- Why do transition metals and their compounds act as good catalysts?
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Chemistry
- d -and f -Block Elements
- What is the cause of contraction in the atomic size of lanthanoids?
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Chemistry
- d -and f -Block Elements
- Define lanthanoid contraction. How does it affect the atomic radii of the third transition series and the second transition series?
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Chemistry
- d -and f -Block Elements
- Which of the following elements of the 3d series of transition elements has the lowest \(\Delta_{a} H^\circ\)?
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Chemistry
- d -and f -Block Elements
- A first row transition metal with the highest enthalpy of atomisation, upon reaction with oxygen at high temperature, forms oxides of formula \( \text{M}_2\text{O}_n \) (where \( n = 3, 4, 5 \)). The 'spin-only' magnetic moment value of the amphoteric oxide from the above oxides is ___ BM (near integer).
(Given atomic number: \( \text{Sc: 21, Ti: 22, V: 23, Cr: 24, Mn: 25, Fe: 26, Co: 27, Ni: 28, Cu: 29, Zn: 30} \))- JEE Main - 2024
- Chemistry
- d -and f -Block Elements
View More Questions
Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam
- Which fruit has the maximum vitamin A content?
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Nutrition
- Write the reactions of glucose with
(a) HI
(b)\((CH_3CO_2)O\)- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Biomolecules
- Ankur Sachdeva did his MBA from ITB University. He decided to apply his knowledge of scientific management in the fast food restaurant chain 'Coffee Bean' set up by him. This restaurant was providing burgers, fries, shakes etc, as a part of its menu. Nowadays people are quality conscious, so he was using standardised raw materials, processes, methods, working conditions, machinery etc. The objective was to establish standards of excellence. By doing this he was not only able to reduce the cost but was also able to provide new varieties of burgers, fries and shakes leading to increased turnover. Ankur Sachdeva also believed that there was only one best method to maximise efficiency. As a result he developed best way of grilling burgers, cooking fries and preparing shakes. His main objective was to maximise the satisfaction of customers, which he was able to achieve. Not only to learn the best way of doing a job, but to perform their tasks efficiently, 'Coffee Bean' regularly invests in training and development programmes to equip employees with the necessary skill and knowledge. 'Coffee Bean' believed that efficient employees will produce more and earn more. This will ensure their greatest efficiency and prosperity for both company and workers. The above case highlights the use of Scientific principles and techniques by 'Coffee Bean'. Explain any one such principle and two techniques.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Marketing Management
- Preeti started her own cooking channel on 'Youtube Mood Art'. As her subscribers increased, she was not in a position to manage everything on her own. She hired Rahul and Riya to help her with filming editing, lighting and content research. She granted authority to them to operate within prescribed limits. She was thus, able to use her time on high priority activities like developing new recipes and content development etc. As a result, Rahul and Riya were given opportunities to develop and exercise initiative. Preeti was now able to focus on objectives and meet the target of achieving a subscriber base of one million in six months.
(a) Identify the concept of management used by Preeti.
(b) Explain any five points of importance of the concept identified in .- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Organising
- Explain the following types of plans:
(b) Strategy
(ii) Method
(iii) Budget- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Principles of Management
View More Questions
Concepts Used:
Properties of D Block Elements
- Multiple oxidation states- The oxidation states of d block elements show very few energy gaps; therefore, they exhibit many oxidation states. Also, the energy difference between s and d orbital is very less. Therefore both the electrons are involved in ionic and covalent bond formation, which ultimately leads to multiple oxidation states.
- Formation of complex compounds- Ligands show a binding behavior and can form so many stable complexes with the help of transition metals. This property is mainly due to:
- Availability of vacant d orbitals.
- Comparatively small sizes of metals.
- Hardness- Transition elements are tough and have high densities because of the presence of unpaired electrons.
- Melting and boiling points- Melting and boiling points of transition are very high because of the presence of unpaired electrons and partially filled d orbitals. They form strong bonds and have high melting and boiling points.
- Atomic radii- The atomic and ionic radius of the transition elements decreases as we move from Group 3 to group 6. However, it remains the same between group 7 and group 10, and from group 11 to group 12 increases.
- Ionization enthalpy- The ionization enthalpies of the transition elements are generally on the greater side as compared to the S block elements