Question:

There were popular martial exercises that were practised such as śastraśrama. Give details of any four śastraśramas.

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Martial arts in India were as much about discipline and dharma as they were about combat and defense.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Śastraśramas were centers or traditions where martial training was imparted systematically in ancient and medieval India. These included armed and unarmed combat techniques along with ethical discipline and physical conditioning. Here are four major systems:
Kalaripayattu (Kerala): Known as one of the world’s oldest martial arts, it includes body control, strikes, weaponry, and healing techniques (āyurveda-based).
Silambam (Tamil Nadu): Focuses on stick fighting, using speed, agility, and complex footwork.
Gatka (Punjab): Originating from Sikh martial culture, Gatka involves the use of swords, spears, and sticks in fluid, rhythmic movement.
Mardani Khel (Maharashtra): Practised by Maratha warriors, it involves sword and lance fighting, often on horseback.
These traditions integrated physical excellence with moral training, ensuring warriors upheld dharma (righteous conduct) along with strength.
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