Question

There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:
Assertion (A): Harappan fired bricks had proportions of (width equals two heights; length equals two widths).
Reason (R): The walls made with these bricks were stronger and the least quantity of bricks were used.

• A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• C. (A) is true, (R) is false.
• D. (A) is false, (R) is true.

Hint:

Harappan bricks were not just uniform—they were mathematically efficient, reflecting an advanced understanding of material science and urban engineering.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The Harappan (Indus Valley) Civilization is well known for its remarkable urban planning, drainage systems, and standardized construction practices. One of the key innovations was their use of standardized fired bricks, with specific ratios in dimensions—commonly a 1:2:4 ratio, where:

Height = 1 unit
Width = 2 units
Length = 4 units
This proportion implies that width equals two heights and length equals two widths, making the Assertion (A) completely true. The reasoning behind this brick ratio is rooted in practical engineering. The uniformity and proportionality enabled:

Stronger and more stable walls due to effective bonding patterns (like stretcher and header bonds).
Minimum wastage and more efficient use of space and material.
Faster construction and easy replacement.
Thus, Reason (R) is also true and offers a correct explanation of why such proportions were favored. The combination of strength, durability, and material efficiency was essential in constructing complex urban structures, and these brick proportions enabled that.