Question

Explain with examples the different views of archaeologists and historians on the religion of Harappans.

Answer 1

The religion of the Harappans remains speculative due to lack of deciphered written records. However, artifacts and sites provide clues, and scholars have differing interpretations.

• Proto-Shiva View: Some historians interpret the Pashupati seal (seated figure with animals) as a precursor to Lord Shiva. This suggests early Shaivism.
• Mother Goddess Theory: Figurines of female deities have led to theories about mother worship, indicating fertility cults.
• Animism and Nature Worship: Presence of animal motifs and trees suggest reverence for nature.
• Absence of Temples: Some argue that the lack of formal temples implies a non-institutionalized form of religion.
• Alternative Views: Critics say these interpretations may be modern projections, and emphasize the need for caution due to undeciphered script.

Thus, religious life in Harappa is interpreted differently, with no consensus, highlighting both spiritual symbolism and archaeological uncertainty.