Step 1: Understanding Public Interest Litigation (PIL).
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) allows individuals or groups to file lawsuits in the interest of the public, even if they are not directly affected by the issue. PIL has been recognized in India to address societal issues and ensure justice for the public at large.
Step 2: Explanation of the options.
- (a) Liberalized locus standi: PIL allows individuals to file cases without having direct personal involvement, broadening the concept of standing (locus standi).
- (b) The proceedings are Non-Adversarial: PIL proceedings are often non-adversarial as the focus is on public welfare rather than individual conflict.
- (c) Procedural requirements are liberalized: PIL procedures are less strict, allowing more flexibility in filing and proceeding with cases.
- (d) All of the above: This is the correct answer, as all the options are part of the characteristics of PIL.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is (d) All of the above.