Question

“The third phase of population growth is referred to as the period of population explosion in India.” Evaluate the statement with examples.

Hint:

The period of population explosion in India can be attributed to the combination of medical advances, the Green Revolution, and high fertility rates that led to rapid population growth.

Answer 1

The third phase of population growth in India is indeed referred to as the period of "population explosion," which occurred particularly after the 1950s. This phase is characterized by a rapid and unchecked increase in the population due to improved healthcare, sanitation, and agriculture, leading to higher life expectancy and lower death rates.

• Improved Healthcare and Sanitation: With advancements in medicine and public health policies, the mortality rate, especially infant mortality, significantly decreased, leading to an increase in the population. For instance, the introduction of vaccines, better medical facilities, and improved sanitation contributed to a population surge in the 1950s and 1960s.
• Green Revolution: The Green Revolution in the 1960s led to increased agricultural productivity, which ensured a steady food supply. This played a crucial role in supporting the growing population by reducing food shortages and improving nutrition.
• Fertility Rate: During this period, the fertility rate remained high, contributing to the rapid population growth. The lack of family planning awareness and limited access to contraception led to a population explosion.
• Examples: Between 1951 and 1981, India's population grew from approximately 361 million to 683 million, reflecting the dramatic increase during this phase.

Thus, the third phase of population growth, also known as the period of population explosion, was marked by a significant surge in the population, largely due to healthcare improvements, agricultural advancements, and high birth rates.