Question

The text in the passage can be best termed as ________.

• A. narrative
• B. descriptive
• C. persuasive
• D. expository
• A. highlight the difficulties faced by innovators.
• B. focus on the hardships of patent-seekers.
• C. compare innovators to inventors.
• D. reveal the importance of inventors.
• A. innovators enhance the utility of inventions.
• B. innovators face fewer challenges than inventors do.
• C. every inventor has a patent for the invention.
• D. invention is the same as innovation.
• A. there is no place for mistakes in the process of making an innovation.
• B. making a mistake before finding success is not unusual.
• C. failure is a permanent stumbling block.
• D. all innovators have to go through failure.
• A. a highly-planned and deeply researched invention
• B. the fruit of failure
• C. the need of the hour
• D. an accidental invention
• A. his ingenuity and good fortune
• B. the carelessness of Elisha’s lawyer
• C. the clever trick played by his lawyer
• D. the biased officials in the patent office
• A. Inventors may not be innovators.
• B. Innovators are not expected to be enterprising.
• C. To get a patent, the applicant has to follow a legal process.
• D. Intellectual property rights are not always easy to get.
• A. The world of inventions and innovations is a competitive one.
• B. Not every innovation sees the light of the day.
• C. Thus, inventors and innovators have to be intrepid enough to take risks;
• D. None of the above
• A. hasty
• B. intellectual
• C. daring
• D. rich
• A. praiseworthy
• B. challenging
• C. tiring
• D. disgraceful

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

The passage explains the difference between invention and innovation, provides examples from famous personalities, and clarifies related concepts. Its primary aim is to inform and explain, making it expository in nature. It is not storytelling (narrative), sensory-focused (descriptive), or argument-driven (persuasive).

Answer 2

The passage outlines how invention and innovation are related but not identical. It contrasts the roles, challenges, and purposes of innovators and inventors, supported by real-life examples like Steve Jobs and Thomas Edison. Therefore, the main idea is a comparison between innovators and inventors, not merely highlighting difficulties or focusing on patent issues.

Answer 3

From the passage, the author emphasizes that innovators take an invention and improve, modify, or adapt it to make it more useful and marketable. This means they enhance the utility of inventions. The author also rejects the idea that invention equals innovation, making (A) the correct choice.

Answer 4

From the passage, both Benjamin Franklin and Steve Jobs highlight that mistakes are a natural part of the innovation process. Steve Jobs’ quote directly points to learning from mistakes and moving forward, while Franklin’s belief emphasizes that success often comes after overcoming failures. This makes (B) the most accurate choice.
Options (A) and (C) contradict the message, and while (D) is partially true, it’s less precise than (B), which captures the intended idea exactly.

Answer 5

The passage mentions that Velcro’s creation was the result of a chance observation, not a long-term planned project. This makes it an accidental invention. The inventor noticed how burrs stuck to his dog’s fur and adapted that concept into a useful fastening system.
Options (A) and (C) imply deliberate planning, which was not the case. Option (B) does not fit because Velcro’s invention was not the direct result of a failed attempt but rather an unexpected discovery.

Answer 6

To determine the correct answer, we need to carefully analyze the context of how Alexander Graham Bell secured the patent for the telephone before his competitors. Historical accounts and the passage indicate that Bell had been working persistently on the design of a device capable of transmitting vocal sounds electrically. His inventive approach, technical insight, and the ability to translate an idea into a working model demonstrate his ingenuity. This was not simply a matter of chance discovery — it required scientific understanding, mechanical skill, and persistence.
At the same time, the timeline shows that the patent application was filed in Bell’s name just hours before his rival Elisha Gray’s application reached the patent office. This narrow margin can be attributed to circumstances beyond pure skill — what we might describe as good fortune. The sequence of events suggests that while Bell was indeed a capable inventor, the fact that his application was processed first was partly due to timing and luck.
Why not option (B): The passage does not explicitly mention that Gray’s lawyer was careless. While timing played a role, there is no evidence presented that legal negligence on Gray’s side was the decisive factor.
Why not option (C): There is no clear indication that Bell’s lawyer played any underhanded or “clever” trick to outmaneuver competitors. Filing promptly is a standard legal process, not necessarily a trick.
Why not option (D): There is no suggestion in the text that patent officials were biased toward Bell. The decision appears to have been procedural, based on who filed first, not favoritism.
Therefore, the best answer is that Bell’s position as the first patent holder resulted from the combination of his inventive genius and fortunate timing — his ingenuity and good fortune.

Answer 7

The passage emphasizes that innovators must be creative, resourceful, and willing to take risks — all qualities closely linked with being enterprising. Therefore, statement (B) directly contradicts the passage’s message, making it untrue.
Options (A), (C), and (D) are consistent with the ideas presented: some inventors may not be innovators (A), a legal process is indeed necessary for patents (C), and intellectual property rights are challenging to obtain (D).

Answer 8

The phrase “not every innovation sees the light of the day” directly implies that many innovations fail to become successful or recognized. This is the clearest indicator of failure among the given choices.
Option (A) talks about competition, not failure; (C) focuses on risk-taking, not failure; and (D) is incorrect because option (B) already indicates failure.

Answer 9

The word “intrepid” means fearless, adventurous, and willing to take risks. Among the given options, “daring” is the closest synonym, as it conveys boldness and courage.
“Hasty” means acting without thought (negative connotation), “intellectual” refers to mental capability, and “rich” refers to wealth — none of which match the meaning of “intrepid”.

Answer 10

The word “laudable” means deserving praise or commendation. The antonym should mean deserving blame or condemnation, which is best expressed by “disgraceful”.
Option (A) “praiseworthy” is a synonym, not an antonym; (B) “challenging” relates to difficulty; and (C) “tiring” refers to exhaustion — neither conveys the opposite meaning of laudable.