Question

“The question of sustainability of development becoming more complex day by day.” Examine the statement in context of use of underground water in India.

Hint:

Sustainable groundwater use requires regulation, awareness, and efficient technology.

Answer 1

The sustainability of development refers to the balanced use of natural resources for economic growth without harming ecological balance. The case of underground water in India highlights the growing complexity:
Over-extraction: Excessive use of groundwater for irrigation in states like Punjab and Haryana has led to alarming declines in water tables.
Inequity: Rich farmers using tube wells and electric pumps deplete water, leaving small farmers with less access.
Lack of regulation: In many areas, there is no control over groundwater usage.
Pollution: Groundwater is also becoming polluted due to fertilizers and industrial waste. To ensure sustainable development, there must be:
Rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge.
Improved irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler systems.
Legal frameworks to regulate extraction.