Question

Which of the following factors affect distribution of population?
l. Climate
II. Soil
Ill. Topography
IV. Water

• A. II and IV
• B. I , III and IV
• C. I and III
• D. I , II , III and IV

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Detailed Solution: Step-by-Step Explanation

The distribution of population means how people are spread over a particular geographical area. It is not random but depends on various natural and human factors. Let's understand how each factor listed here affects population distribution.

1. Climate

Climate refers to the typical weather conditions of a region over a long period.

• People tend to settle in places with moderate or favorable climate. Extremely hot, cold, or rainy climates discourage large populations.
• For example, tropical climates with balanced temperature and rainfall support agriculture and comfortable living, attracting more people.
• Harsh climates like deserts or polar regions usually have sparse population.

2. Soil

Soil quality is crucial for agriculture, which is a primary source of livelihood in many regions.

• Fertile soils support farming, leading to higher population density as food availability increases.
• Poor or rocky soils limit farming, causing people to migrate or live in fewer numbers.
• For example, the Indo-Gangetic plains have fertile alluvial soil, supporting dense populations.

3. Topography

Topography means the physical features of the land, such as mountains, plains, and plateaus.

• Flat plains are easier to live on and farm, so they generally have higher population densities.
• Mountainous or rugged areas are difficult to access, farm, and build infrastructure, so population is usually low there.
• Example: Himalayan regions have fewer people compared to the plains of northern India.

4. Water

Availability of water is one of the most essential factors for human survival and economic activities.

• Areas near rivers, lakes, and coasts attract more people because water is needed for drinking, agriculture, industry, and transportation.
• Lack of water sources causes people to avoid those regions.
• For example, the Nile valley and river basins worldwide support dense populations.

Summary:

All four factors — climate, soil, topography, and water — significantly influence where people choose to live. Favorable climate, fertile soil, flat terrain, and adequate water supply generally result in higher population densities.

Therefore, the correct option is "I, II, III and IV" because all these factors affect population distribution