In large DC machines, inter-poles are used to neutralize the de-magnetizing and cross magnetizing effects produced by the armature's magnetic field. These effects can distort the main field and cause poor commutation. By placing inter-poles, the magnetic field is made more uniform, and the effects of the armature mmf are neutralized.
Thus, the primary purpose of inter-poles is to nullify the de-magnetizing and cross magnetizing effects of the armature mmf.