The process of retrieving the original message signal from a modulated carrier wave is called demodulation. In communication systems, modulation is used to encode the information on the carrier wave, and demodulation is the process of decoding that information from the carrier. Amplification refers to increasing the signal strength, while attenuation refers to signal weakening. Thus, demodulation is the correct process for retrieving information.
Thus, the correct answer is \( \boxed{\text{Demodulation}} \).