Question

The process by which extracellular messages translate into intracellular changes is termed

• A. Cell transport
• B. Cell adhesion
• C. Signal transduction
• D. Cell transformation

Hint:

Signal transduction is essential for cells to respond to external signals, controlling processes like growth, differentiation, and metabolism.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The process by which extracellular signals (such as hormones or growth factors) are translated into intracellular responses is called \textit{signal transduction}. This involves a series of molecular events that convert an extracellular signal into a functional change within the cell. Signal transduction pathways often involve receptors, second messengers, and protein phosphorylation cascades.

(1) Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
- Cell transport refers to the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, not the translation of extracellular messages.
- Cell adhesion refers to the process by which cells attach to each other or to the extracellular matrix, and is not related to signal translation.
- Cell transformation refers to the process by which a normal cell becomes a cancerous or abnormal cell, and is not related to signal transduction.

Conclusion: The correct term for the process by which extracellular messages translate into intracellular changes is signal transduction.