The principal value of the \( \cot^{-1}\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right) \) will be:
Suppose that \( A = \{ 1, 2, 3 \} \), \( B = \{ 4, 5, 6, 7 \} \), and \( f = \{ (1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6) \} \) be a function from \( A \) to \( B \). Then \( f \) is:
State Gauss's Law in electrostatics. Using it (i) find electric field due to a point source charge \( q \) and (ii) deduce Coulomb's law between source charge \( q \) and test charge \( q_0 \).
Compare features of p-type and n-type semiconductors. Draw circuit diagram of half-wave rectifier of p-n junction diode and explain it.
What is atomic model of magnetism? Differentiate between paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances on this basis. Also, give one example of each.