Question:

The position of an element in periodic table after emission of one $\alpha$ - and two $\beta$ - particles remains unchanged. Emission of one $\alpha$ - and two $\beta$ - particles give isotope of the element which acquires same position in periodic table.

Updated On: Jul 28, 2022

If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
If assertion is true but reason is false
If both assertion and reason are false

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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The loss of one $\alpha$ -particle will reduce the mass number by four and atomic number by two. Subsequent two |3-emissions will increase the atomic number by two without affecting the mass number. Hence, the new element will be only an isotope of the parent nucleide and hence its position in the periodic table remains unchanged.

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Concepts Used:

Structure of Atom

Atomic Structure:

The atomic structure of an element refers to the constitution of its nucleus and the arrangement of the electrons around it. Primarily, the atomic structure of matter is made up of protons, electrons and neutrons.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Dalton proposed that every matter is composed of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible.

The following are the postulates of his theory:

Every matter is made up of atoms.
Atoms are indivisible.
Specific elements have only one type of atoms in them.
Each atom has its own constant mass that varies from element to element.
Atoms undergo rearrangement during a chemical reaction.
Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.

Cons of Dalton’s Atomic Theory

The theory was unable to explain the existence of isotopes.
Nothing about the structure of atom was appropriately explained.
Later, the scientists discovered particles inside the atom that proved, the atoms are divisible.

Subatomic Particles

Protons - are positively charged subatomic particles.
Electron - are negatively charged subatomic particles.
Neutrons - are electrically neutral particles and carry no charge

Atomic Structure of Isotopes

Several atomic structures of an element can exist, which differ in the total number of nucleons.These variants of elements having a different nucleon number (also known as the mass number) are called isotopes of the element. Therefore, the isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons. For example, there exist three known naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen, namely, protium, deuterium, and tritium.