Comprehension
The passage below contains four questions. Based on the passage, choose the best answer for each question.
The Industrial Revolution was the period of immense technological, social, and economic changes in the late 18th century; it was basically based on the shift from agrarian economies toward a more industrialized and urban society. In this phase, new manufacturing processes were developed, hence marking the emergence of factories and mass production of goods. Influential inventions—the steam engine, spinning jenny, and power loom—transformed industries and significantly increased productivity during this time period.
One of the most pronounced effects of the Industrial Revolution was in the labor area. All along, people remained in villages and worked in agriculture, but then factories came, demanding lots of labor and seeing to mass migration into towns. This process of urbanization was accompanied by immense growth of the city but also gave rise to serious social problems. The process of industrialization corresponds to enormous growth in cities, entailing problems of overcrowding, bad living conditions, and exploitation of workers where large numbers were women and children often laboring for long hours under hazardous conditions. It changed the economic landscape of the time as well. Extension of trade and growth of markets enhanced the potentialities of production.
It generated enormous wealth for entrepreneurs and industrialists, giving birth to a new class of bourgeoisies. This newfound wealth was not, however, so equally distributed. Where the industrialist or the factory owner was minting money, a number of workers were being paid peanuts to work in most appallingly dreadful conditions. It is this mismatched economic distribution that manned social tensions and laid the path for labor movements coupled with calls for reforms. The environment paid a huge price, such as air and water pollution due to coal becoming the pivot of energy, and forest clearing and depletion of natural resources. Notwithstanding these problems created for laissez-faire by the Industrial Revolution, it laid the foundation for modern industrial society and stimulated innovations that continued to shape the world in the ensuing centuries. In all, the Industrial Revolution was an age of high complexity and great development with serious difficulties. Its inheritance has been novelty and human toughness, pointing to both the potential for progress and the potential for sustainable and equitable development.
The Industrial Revolution was the period of immense technological, social, and economic changes in the late 18th century; it was basically based on the shift from agrarian economies toward a more industrialized and urban society. In this phase, new manufacturing processes were developed, hence marking the emergence of factories and mass production of goods. Influential inventions—the steam engine, spinning jenny, and power loom—transformed industries and significantly increased productivity during this time period.
One of the most pronounced effects of the Industrial Revolution was in the labor area. All along, people remained in villages and worked in agriculture, but then factories came, demanding lots of labor and seeing to mass migration into towns. This process of urbanization was accompanied by immense growth of the city but also gave rise to serious social problems. The process of industrialization corresponds to enormous growth in cities, entailing problems of overcrowding, bad living conditions, and exploitation of workers where large numbers were women and children often laboring for long hours under hazardous conditions. It changed the economic landscape of the time as well. Extension of trade and growth of markets enhanced the potentialities of production.
It generated enormous wealth for entrepreneurs and industrialists, giving birth to a new class of bourgeoisies. This newfound wealth was not, however, so equally distributed. Where the industrialist or the factory owner was minting money, a number of workers were being paid peanuts to work in most appallingly dreadful conditions. It is this mismatched economic distribution that manned social tensions and laid the path for labor movements coupled with calls for reforms. The environment paid a huge price, such as air and water pollution due to coal becoming the pivot of energy, and forest clearing and depletion of natural resources. Notwithstanding these problems created for laissez-faire by the Industrial Revolution, it laid the foundation for modern industrial society and stimulated innovations that continued to shape the world in the ensuing centuries. In all, the Industrial Revolution was an age of high complexity and great development with serious difficulties. Its inheritance has been novelty and human toughness, pointing to both the potential for progress and the potential for sustainable and equitable development.
Question: 1
What does the passage imply about the relationship between industrialization and urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?
What does the passage imply about the relationship between industrialization and urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?
Updated On: Sep 13, 2024
- Industrialization caused a decline in urban growth.
- Urbanization led to the decline of industrialization.
- Industrialization and urbanization were mutually reinforcing processes.
- Urbanization had no significant impact on industrialization.
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (C) : Industrialization and urbanization were mutually reinforcing processes.
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Question: 2
According to the passage, what were the social consequences of the economic disparity created by the Industrial Revolution?
According to the passage, what were the social consequences of the economic disparity created by the Industrial Revolution?
Updated On: Sep 13, 2024
- A more equitable distribution of wealth among all social classes.
- The emergence of labor movements and calls for reforms.
- Improved living conditions for factory workers.
- A reduction in the number of women and children in the workforce.
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (B) : The emergence of labor movements and calls for reforms.
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Question: 3
How does the passage describe the environmental impact of the Industrial Revolution, and what is the implied long-term consequence?
How does the passage describe the environmental impact of the Industrial Revolution, and what is the implied long-term consequence?
Updated On: Sep 13, 2024
- The Industrial Revolution had minimal environmental impact, leading to sustainable practices.
- It caused significant environmental degradation, implying a need for future sustainable development.
- It improved air and water quality, reducing the need for natural resources.
- The reliance on renewable energy sources led to environmental preservation.
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (B) : It caused significant environmental degradation, implying a need for future sustainable development.
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Question: 4
What does the passage suggest about the legacy of the Industrial Revolution concerning social and economic structures?
What does the passage suggest about the legacy of the Industrial Revolution concerning social and economic structures?
Updated On: Sep 13, 2024
- It resulted in a perfectly balanced society with no economic disparities.
- It created a rigid class structure that prevented any social mobility.
- It laid the groundwork for modern industrial society, while also highlighting the need for more equitable development.
- It diminished the role of the bourgeoisie, leading to a more egalitarian society.
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (C) : It laid the groundwork for modern industrial society, while also highlighting the need for more equitable development.
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Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
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THE FAIR ISLE METHOD: Fair Isle knitting is a traditional technique that involves using two or more colours of yarn in a single row to create intricate patterns and designs. This method requires careful tension management to ensure even stitches and prevent puckering. To begin, select your colours and cast on the desired number of stitches. As you knit, alternate between colours every few stitches, carrying the unused yarn along the back of the work. Mastering the Fair Isle technique allows you to create stunning visual effects in garments, accessories, and home textiles.
THE CONTINENTAL STYLE: The Continental knitting style, often referred to as “picking,” involves holding the yarn in the left hand while the right hand manipulates the needles. This method allows for greater speed and efficiency, particularly when working with complex patterns or multiple colours. To practice this style, start by casting on your stitches and using your left hand to tension the yarn. With each stitch, simply “pick” the yarn with your right needle, forming a quick and fluid motion. As you become comfortable with this technique, you may find that your overall knitting speed and comfort improve significantly.
THE SHORT-ROW TECHNIQUE: Short-row knitting is an advanced technique that allows for the creation of shaped garments, such as sleeves and shoulders, without the need for complex shaping. To make a sleeve using this technique, begin by casting on the required number of stitches. Work a portion of the row, then turn your work and return without completing the full row to create the “short rows” that shape the curves of the sleeve. To prevent holes at the turn, wrap the stitch before you turn your work. Repeat this process as needed to achieve the desired shaping and dimension of the sleeve. Once you have shaped the sleeve, you can then sew the side seams to connect the pieces of your garment and finally, complete the edges to ensure a clean finish. This method not only helps shape curves but also adds dimension to your piece, allowing you to enhance fit and style.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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The Story of Coffee
Coffee, a beloved beverage enjoyed by millions around the globe, has a rich and captivating history that spans centuries. The story of coffee begins in the ancient highlands of Ethiopia, where, according to legend, a goat herder named Kaldi discovered the stimulating effects of coffee beans. One day, Kaldi noticed his goats frolicking with unusual energy after eating red berries from a certain tree. Curious, he tried the berries himself and experienced a newfound alertness. This discovery soon spread to monasteries, where monks used it to stay awake during long hours of prayer. From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation and consumption spread to the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen, where the practice of roasting coffee beans and brewing the drink began to take shape. By the 15th century, coffee had become a popular beverage in the Islamic world, with coffee houses known as ‘qahveh khaneh’ emerging as social hubs for conversation, music, and intellectual exchange. These coffee houses became centers of culture and commerce, influencing the spread of coffee to Turkey and beyond, eventually reaching Europe. In Europe, coffee initially faced resistance from religious authorities who considered it a ‘Muslim drink’ and tried to ban it. However, its popularity persisted, and by the 17th century, coffee houses had sprung up in major European cities, becoming important gathering places for artists, writers, and thinkers. The stimulating effects of coffee were embraced during the Age of Enlightenment, where it was seen as a catalyst for intellectual discussion and innovation. The journey of coffee continued with the establishment of colonial plantations in tropical regions such as the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Southeast Asia. These plantations fuelled the global demand for coffee, transforming it from a regional specialty to a major commodity. The industrial revolution further accelerated coffee production and consumption, leading to innovations in coffee brewing methods and the development of instant coffee. In the modern era, coffee has evolved into a deeply ingrained part of daily life for people worldwide. Its cultural significance spans from the bustling cafes of Paris to the quiet coffee farms of Colombia. Today, coffee remains not only a popular beverage but also a symbol of social interaction, productivity, and enjoyment. Whether sipped slowly over a conversation with friends or grabbed hastily on the way to work, the story of coffee continues to unfold, intertwining with the histories and cultures of countless societies across the globe.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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The intricate world of modern manufacturing is a web of precision and innovation, where even the tiniest components play a pivotal role. One such element, often overlooked but crucial, is the sub-subpart. Whether it’s a carpenter fashioning a bespoke piece of furniture or an automobile engineer designing the next generation of vehicles, the creation of sub-subparts is a fundamental process that demands meticulous craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology. In the realm of woodworking, carpenters frequently work with sub-subparts like dowels, screws, and hinges. These minute components may appear insignificant, yet they determine the structural integrity and functionality of the final product. Crafting a dowel, for instance, begins with selecting the appropriate wood species, followed by precision cutting and shaping. The result is a perfectly cylindrical, sturdy sub-subpart that seamlessly joins two larger pieces of wood. The advent of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines has revolutionised this process, enabling carpenters to create sub-subparts with unparalleled precision.
Similarly, in the automobile industry, sub-subparts are the unsung heroes of vehicle construction. Take, for instance, the ball bearing—a minuscule but essential component in the wheels and transmission system. Manufacturing these precision-engineered spheres involves intricate processes like forging, heat treatment, and precision machining. Modern techniques such as laser cutting and 3D printing have streamlined production, ensuring that these sub-subparts meet the demanding standards of the automotive sector. The manufacturing of sub-subparts is a testament to the convergence of traditional craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology. Whether it’s a carpenter’s workshop or a high-tech automotive assembly line, the quest for perfection in sub-subpart creation remains unwavering. The attention to detail and precision required in these processes is a testament to the dedication of craftsmen and engineers alike.
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