The oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde by chromyl chloride is called
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The oxidation of toluene \(\left( C _{6} H _{5} CH _{3}\right.\) with chromyl chloride \(\left( CRO _{2} Cl _{2}\right)\) in \(CCl _{4}\) or \(CS _{2}\) to give benzaldehyde is called the Etard reaction.
- Etard reaction
- Riemer-Tiemann reaction
- Wurtz reaction
- Cannizzaro’s reaction
The Correct Option is A
Approach Solution - 1
The oxidation of toluene \(\left( C _{6} H _{5} CH _{3}\right.\) with chromyl chloride \(\left( CRO _{2} Cl _{2}\right)\) in \(CCl _{4}\) or \(CS _{2}\) to give benzaldehyde is called the Etard reaction. In this reaction, the chromyl chloride first forms a brown complex, which is separated and then decomposed with \(H _{2} O\) to give benzaldehyde \(\left( C _{6} H _{5} CHO \right)\)
Discover More Topics from This Chapter: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
Approach Solution -2
The Correct Answer is (A)
Real Life Applications
The real life application of the process is as follows:
- They help in the synthesis of compounds such as aldehydes and mainly benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde is then used for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and also perfumes.
- When compared to toluene it is a better starting material for the synthesis of various products.
- Etard reaction is an oxidative reaction, therefore its study can be used to understand other reactions based on the same mechanism.
Question can also be asked as
- Name of the reaction that converts toluene to benzaldehyde using chromyl chloride.
- Explain the mechanism of the reaction that converts toluene to benzaldehyde using chromyl chloride.
- What are the conditions for the reaction that converts toluene to benzaldehyde using chromyl chloride?
Approach Solution -3
The Correct Answer is (A)
The Etard reaction, so named in honor of French chemist Alexandre Leon Etard, is a method for making Benzaldehyde from Toluene.
- Toluene produces Benzaldehyde when it reacts with Chromyl Chloride in a nonpolar solvent, and this reaction is known as the Etard reaction.
- The significant chemical molecule benzaldehyde, which has a benzene ring with a formyl substituent, is utilized as a scent in cosmetics and perfume.
- The etard response is divided into two stages: It develops into an unstable brown complex and by hydrolyzing the end product, it is produced.
Application of Etard Reaction
- An aromatic substance called benzaldehyde is mostly used to provide perfumes, soaps, and cosmetics scents.
- Due to its similar flavor to almond flavoring, it is also utilized in the food business.
- In order to harvest honey from the honeycomb, it is also employed as a bee repellant.
- Furthermore, it serves as a solvent for a number of oils, ethers, and resins.
- Additionally, it serves as a food preservative.
- It is a component of the medication phentermine, which is used to treat obesity.
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Concepts Used:
Oxidation Number
Oxidation number, also called oxidation state, the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.
Oxidation number of an atom is defined as the charge that an atom appears to have on forming ionic bonds with other heteroatoms. An atom having higher electronegativity (even if it forms a covalent bond) is given a negative oxidation state.
The definition, assigns oxidation state to an atom on conditions, that the atom –
- Bonds with heteroatoms.
- Always form ionic bonding by either gaining or losing electrons, irrespective of the actual nature of bonding.
Oxidation number is a formalized way of keeping track of oxidation state.
Read More: Oxidation and Reduction
Way To Find Oxidation Number Of An Atom?
Oxidation number or state of an atom/ion is the number of electrons an atom/ion that the molecule has either gained or lost compared to the neutral atom. Electropositive metal atoms, of group I, 2 and 3 lose a specific number of electrons and have always constant positive oxidation numbers.
In molecules, more electronegative atom gain electrons from a less electronegative atom and have negative oxidation states. The numerical value of the oxidation state is equal to the number of electrons lost or gained.
Oxidation number or oxidation state of an atom or ion in a molecule/ion is assigned by:
- Summing up the constant oxidation state of other atoms/molecules/ions that are bonded to it and
- Equating, the total oxidation state of a molecule or ion to the total charge of the molecule or ion.