Step 1: Understanding β-oxidation.
In β-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon units in the form of acetyl-CoA. For a fatty acid with \( n \) carbons, the number of cycles required for complete degradation is given by: \[ \text{Number of cycles} = \frac{n}{2} - 1 \] For palmitic acid (C\(_{16}\)), the number of cycles is: \[ \frac{16}{2} - 1 = 7 \, \text{cycles} \]
Step 2: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is 7, as it takes 7 cycles of β-oxidation to fully degrade palmitic acid.
Identify the taxa that constitute a paraphyletic group in the given phylogenetic tree.
The vector, shown in the figure, has promoter and RBS sequences in the 300 bp region between the restriction sites for enzymes X and Y. There are no other sites for X and Y in the vector. The promoter is directed towards the Y site. The insert containing only an ORF provides 3 fragments after digestion with both enzymes X and Y. The ORF is cloned in the correct orientation in the vector using the single restriction enzyme Y. The size of the largest fragment of the recombinant plasmid expressing the ORF upon digestion with enzyme X is ........... bp. (answer in integer) 