Comprehension
The most plausible justification for higher taxes on automobile fuel is that fuel consumption harms the environment and thus adds to the costs of traffic congestion. But the fact that burning fuel creates these “negative externalities” does not imply that no tax on fuel could ever be too high. Economics is precise about the tax that should, in principle, be levied to deal with negative externalities:
the tax on a liter of fuel should be equal to the harm caused by using a liter of fuel.
If the tax is more than that, its costs (including the inconvenience to those who would rather have used their cars) will exceed its benefits (including any reduction in congestion and pollution).
the tax on a liter of fuel should be equal to the harm caused by using a liter of fuel.
If the tax is more than that, its costs (including the inconvenience to those who would rather have used their cars) will exceed its benefits (including any reduction in congestion and pollution).
Question: 1
Which of the following best characterizes the function of the underlined and boldfaced partial sentence in lines 7-8 of the passage?
Which of the following best characterizes the function of the underlined and boldfaced partial sentence in lines 7-8 of the passage?
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When the passage discusses a justification with which the author disagrees, it often includes a rebuttal or critique right after.
Updated On: Oct 3, 2025
- It restates a point made earlier in the passage.
- It provides the evidence on which a theory is based.
- It presents a specific application of a general principle.
- It summarizes a justification with which the author disagrees.
It suggests that the benefits of a particular strategy have been overestimated.
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understand the context of the question.
The question asks about the purpose of a specific sentence in the passage. We must analyze the role that sentence plays. Based on the context, it seems to summarize a viewpoint that is later disagreed with.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (A): A restatement would not necessarily be followed by disagreement.
- (B): The sentence is not providing direct evidence for a theory.
- (C): It's not applying a principle, but discussing a justification.
- (D): This is likely correct if the sentence presents a justification the author later refutes.
- (E): Overestimating benefits is a plausible interpretation but doesn’t fit the structure of disagreement.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (D) as the sentence likely presents a justification the author rejects.
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Question: 2
The word “exceed” appears underlined and boldfaced in line 10 of the passage. In the context in which it appears, “exceed” most nearly means:
The word “exceed” appears underlined and boldfaced in line 10 of the passage. In the context in which it appears, “exceed” most nearly means:
Show Hint
When a word like “exceed” appears, look for context indicating surpassing in amount, degree, or number. "Outstrip" fits best in such cases.
Updated On: Oct 3, 2025
- outstrip
- magnify
- delimit
- offset
supplant
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Examine the word in context.
The word “exceed” refers to something surpassing or going beyond a limit. The word must imply surpassing in amount, value, or degree.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (A) Outstrip = to surpass or go beyond, which fits the context.
- (B) Magnify = to increase in size, which doesn’t fit with “exceed.”
- (C) Delimit = to define boundaries, opposite of exceeding.
- (D) Offset = to counterbalance, unrelated.
- (E) Supplant = to replace, not the same as exceeding.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct word is (A) outstrip, meaning to surpass.
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